Publications

Els J. Kindt

Selected Recent Publications

- E. J. Kindt and C. Jasserand, ‘Chapter 3 : A legal obligation to protect biometric information. a brief analysis’' in V. Krivokuca Hahn, M. Gomez-Barrero, A. Ross and S. Marcel, Handbook of Biometric Template Protection- Motivation, Methods and Metrics, Springer Nature, Singapore, 2025 (in print)

- B. Sumer, N. Gonzalez, A. Elbi, J. Czarnocki, C. Jasserand and E. J. Kindt, ‘Chapter 5: AI Act’s Ripple Effect on Biometric Data: Harmonising or Fragmenting the Biometric Data Regulation ?’ in Digital Governance: confronting the challenges posed by Artificial Intelligence, LAIR conference book, The Hague, The Netherlands, T.M.C. Asser Press, in cooperation with Springer, Heidelberg, Revised and final manuscript submitted March 2024, 20 p.

- E. J. Kindt and C. Jasserand, ‘Chapter II Prohibited AI Practices. Article 5. Prohibited AI Practices’, in C. Pehlivan e.a. (eds.), The EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act: A Commentary, pp. 105-192, published with Kluwer Law International, 2024.

- E. J. Kindt, Selected participant, Dagstuhl seminar 22342 ‘Privacy in Speech and Language Technology’ August 2022 and co-author of report ‘Privacy in Speech and Language Technology (Dagstuhl Seminar 22342), 2023, Germany

- E. Kindt, C. A. Fontanillo López, J. Bergholm, J. Czarnocki, O. Kanevskaia and J. Herveg, Study on the Appropriate Safeguards under Article 89(1) GDPR for the Processing of personal data for Scientific Research, Academic study for EDPB, available at EDPB’s website, August 2021, 89 p.

Catherine Jasserand

Recent Publications

- B. Sumer, N. Gonzalez, A. Elbi, C. Jasserand, J. Czarnocki, and E. J. Kindt, ‘Chapter 5: AI Act’s Ripple Effect on Biometric Data: Harmonising or Fragmenting the Biometric Data Regulation?’ in Digital Governance: confronting the challenges posed by Artificial Intelligence, LAIR conference book, The Hague, The Netherlands, T.M.C. Asser Press, in cooperation with Springer, Heidelberg, Revised and final manuscript submitted March 2024, 20 p.

- C. Jasserand, ‘Deceptive Deepfakes: Is the Law Coping with AI-Altered Representations of Ourselves?’ 23rd International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG), IEEE, 2024.

- C. Jasserand, ‘Article 10: Processing of Special Categories of Personal Data’ in E. Kosta and F. Boehm (eds) The EU Law Enforcement Directive (LED): A Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2024, pp. 217-219.

- C. Jasserand, ‘Biometric Data, Within and Beyond Data Protection’ in B. van der Sloot and S. van Schendel (eds) The Boundaries of Data, Amsterdam University Press, 2024, pp. 295-309.

- C. Jasserand, ‘The Future AI Act and Facial Recognition Technologies in Public Spaces: Nice to Have or Strictly Necessary?’ (2023) 9(4) EDPL, pp. 430-443.

- C. Jasserand, ‘Experiments with Facial Recognition Technologies in Public Spaces: In Search of an EU Governance Framework’ in A. Zwitter amd O. Gstrein (eds) Handbook on the Politics and Governance of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, EE, 2023, pp. 315-357.

N. Menéndez González

Recent publications

- N. Menéndez González and G. Mobilio (Eds.) (2025) Next Democratic Frontiers for Facial Recognition Technology: The Legal, Ethical and Democratic Implications of FRT. Springer.

- N. Menéndez González and G. Mobilio (2025) ‘Between prohibited risks and high risks: the regulation of Facial Recognition Technology’ in Pollicino, Donati, Finocchiaro and Paolucci (Eds.), La Disciplina dell’intelligenza artificiale. Giuffrè.

- N. Menéndez González and E. Bozkir (2024) ‘Eye-Tracking Devices for Virtual and Augmented Reality Metaverse Environments and Their Compatibility with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation’ in Digital Society 3, 39.

- F. Palmiotto and N. Menéndez González (2023) ‘Facial recognition technology, democracy and human rights’ in Computer Law & Security Review, 50, 105857.

- N. Menéndez (2023) ‘The Rights to Privacy and Data Protection and Facial Recognition Technology in the Global North’ in Quintavalla and Temperman (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights. Oxford University Press.

César Augusto Fontanillo López

Research output:

- E. Kindt, E. & C. A. Fontanillo López (2023). Legal aspects of image morphing and image manipulation attack detection technology. Handbook of Biometric Anti-Spoofing (3rd ed., pp. 547-570). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5288-3_20

- N. Damer, C. A. Fontanillo López, F. Boutros, M.V. Pham, M. Fang, N. Spiller (2022). Privacy-friendly synthetic data for the development of face morphing attack detectors. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1-12

- C.A. Fontanillo López, G. Li, & D. Zhang, (2020). Beyond technologies of electroencephalography-based brain-computer interfaces: A systematic review from commercial and ethical aspects. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 1-23

Abdullah Elbi

Selected publications

- A. Elbi, AI literacy (EU AI Act Article 4), VAIA (Flanders AI Academy), January 2025. (Blogpost)

- L. Gugliotta and A. Elbi, Will AI ‘subtly’ take over decision-making in the EU migration context? Warnings and lessons from ETIAS and VIS, 2023. ( Article)

- B. Sumer, N. Menéndez González, A. Elbi, C. Jasserand, J. Czarnocki and E. Kindt, 2024. AI Acts’ Ripple Effect on Biometric Data: Harmonising or Fragmenting the Regulation of Biometric Data. Digital Governance Confronting the Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence; 2024; Vol. 39; pp. 165 - 181 Publisher: Springer

Presentations

Els J. Kindt

Selected Recent Presentations, Academic Teachings and Panels:

- E. J. Kindt, Invited Keynote by FOD Justitie, Belgium, E. Kindt, ‘Digitalisering van de samenleving, Artificiële Intelligentie en Justitie’, European Network of Judges, 29 November 2024, Brussels, Belgium

- E. J. Kindt, ‘Air travel, borders and biometrics’, invited speaker at ID at Borders, Biometrics Institute, 20-21 April 2023, Brussels, Belgium

- E. J. Kindt, Invited keynote by European Association for biometrics (EAB), Kindt, E., ‘Protected Biometric Templates, identifiability and standards: A recap of the regulatory approach’, 1 March 2023

- B. Sumer and E. J. Kindt, ‘When do images of biometric characteristics qualify as special categories of data under the GDPR – a systemic approach to biometric data processing’, 1 February 2023, Future of Privacy Forum, U.S. Legislation and Biometrics

- E. J. Kindt, Invited keynote by New York University, Inceptional AI, Kindt, E., ‘Biometric data: A recap of regulatory approaches and some hints for the future’, 11 October 2022, International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB), 10-14 October 2022, Abu Dhabi, United Arabic Emerates

- E. J. Kindt, Invited keynote DG Home: Kindt, E., ‘Modern technologies, border checks and internal security. Opportunities and risks from a legal and ethical perspective’, Invited Keynote, Workshop Modern Technologies for a Fully Functioning and Resilient Schengen Area without Internal Border Controls, 9 July 2021, DG Migration and Home Affairs – Innovation and Security Research, Workshop also addressed at https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/default/files/pdf/02062021_strategy_towards_fully_functioning_and_resilient_schengen_area_com-2021-277_en.pdf

- E. J. Kindt, ‘Remote biometric identification systems’ at ‘Regulating High Risk AI in the EU’, invited lecture, AI Lund, Lund University, Lawschool , Lund, Sweden, September 26, 2023

- E. J. Kindt, ‘Data protection and use of personal data for research’ for Human factors in Information Security Research’, invited lecture, NTNU, Norway, 24 Oct. 2023

- E. J. Kindt, ‘Biometric Data, Data Protection and the AI Act : The European perspective’, Public lecture, Université de Lausanne, Law faculty, Semaine de la Digitalisation 2022, 10.2.2022, Lausanne, Switzerland

- E. J. Kindt, Invited speaker at ‘Next Democratic Frontiers for Facial Recognition Technology. The legal, ethical and democratic implications of FRT’, panel discussion, European University Institute (EUI) School of Transnational Governance, 29 September 2023, Firenze, Italy

- E. J. Kindt, Invited by INRIA as panelist to the CPDP panel, ‘Automated Facial Recognition: Where to Put the Red Line’ ?, CPDP 2020, Area 42 Grand, 22.01.2020 (see also https://www.cpdpconferences.org/speakers/kindt), Brussels, Belgium

Catherine Jasserand

Recent Talks

- C. Jasserand, ‘Smart Speech Technologies: Data scraping for training AI models and the Law’, 18 March 2025, Invited Speaker, Inaugural event of the Privacy for Smart Speech Technology (PSST) Marie Skłodowska-Curie Doctoral training network, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland

- C. Jasserand, ‘The European Regulatory Frameworks for Facial Recognition: From the LED to the AI Act’, 13 March 2025, Law Enforcement Technologies in the Real of Facial Recognition, University of Nice, Nice, France

- C. Jasserand, ‘Smart Surveillance Cameras in Public Spaces: The Law beyond Privacy’, 28 February 2025, Invited Speaker, Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), Tucson, USA (online)

- C. Jasserand, ‘General Introduction to the AI Act’, 21 January 2025, EAB lunch talk on Deep Dive: AI Act and Biometrics’ EAB, (online)

- C. Jasserand, ‘Deepfakes: What and Who to regulate?’, 27 November 2024, 7^th Applied AI Symposium, Jantina Tammes School, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

- C. Jasserand,‘Deceptive Deepfakes: Is the Law Coping with AI-Altered Representations of Ourselves?’, 26 September 2024, 23^rd International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG), Darmstadt, Germany

- C. Jasserand, ‘Deepfake Regulation: ex-post versus ex-ante approaches’ 17 May 2024, Deepfakes and the Law: Global Perspectives (online), University of Leeds and City, University of London, UK

- C. Jasserand, ‘Règlement Intelligence Artificielle et Systèmes Biométriques’, 25 April 2024, AI Book Club, Université Paris-Dauphine (online), Paris, France

- C. Jasserand, ‘Legal Perspectives on the Training of Generative AI Models’, 11 April 2024, Invited Speaker, 4^th Seasonal School SOUNDS-ETN project, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

- C. Jasserand, ‘Deceptive Deepfakes: Legal Loopholes and Challenges’, 6 March 2024, Invited Speaker, Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory Annual Workshop, NTNU, Gjøvik, Norway

Abdullah Elbi

Selected trainings and presentations

- A. Elbi, Tracing Biometrics Between the Lines: First Guidelines on Prohibited AI Practices under the EU AI Act & More, Martigny Biometrics Workshop, Martigny, Switzerland, 19-20 May 2025 (Presentation)

- A. Elbi, Prohibited Biometric Practices under the AI Act, Deep Dive: AI Act & Biometrics, European Association of Biometrics (EAB), 21 January 2025. (Training)